FINAL ASSESSMENT BENCHMARK STUDY GUIDE Directions – Answer the following questions and define the key terms. Complete your OWN work. FOUNDATIONS

1. How did the colonists justify ending their political ties to Britain?

2. Define natural law and how it influenced the enlightenment.

3. What aspects of John Locke’s ideas about government influenced Jefferson’s writing of the Declaration of Independence?

4. What flaws in the Articles of Confederation caused the drafting of the Constitution?

5. How does the idea of separation of powers apply to our government?

6. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?

7. Why did Hamilton and Jefferson argue over the idea of a national bank?

8. What did it mean to be a Federalist or Anti-Federalist?

9. What was The Great Compromise and how did it come about?

10. What compromise occurred that insured the support of the Anti-Federalists in ratification of the Constitution?

11. List the positive and negative accomplishments of Reconstruction. INDUSTRIALIZATION & IMMIGRATION

12. What caused the migration of people from rural areas to urban areas? 13. What are the push & pull factors of immigrants from their home countries? 14. Define the term Americanization. 15. What is a trust and why were they formed? 16. How did nativists feel about immigration? PROGRESSIVES 17. Summarize what the Progressive movement was About. 18. Explain the women’s suffrage movement including the National American Women’s Suffrage Association (NAWSA). 19. How were Populists and Progressives alike and different? 20. What problem did Upton Sinclair expose in his book The Jungle? IMPERIALISM & WORLD WAR I 21. What followed the explosion of the battleship Maine in Havana Harbor? 22. Explain the events that led to the annexation of Hawaii by the U.S.? 23. Why did T. Roosevelt use troops in Panama? 24. What events led up to the U. S. entering WWI? Locate the Western Front and main trench lines. 25. The League of Nations was formed to…. 26. Following WWI explain the course of the economy in the U. S. THE TWENTIES 27. What was the economic situation of farmers during the 1920’s? 28. What was relationship between organized crime and prohibition, why? 29. How did Henry Ford affect the cost of the automobile? 30. The economic policies of Harding and Coolidge favored what aspect of the country’s economy? 31. What issues revolved around the Scopes Trial? 32. What did the literature of the Harlem Renaissance reflect? 33. What was the Teapot Dome scandal and who was involved? GREAT DEPRESSION & NEW DEAL 34. What factors may of hid the economic problems lurking below the economic “boom” of the twenties? 35. The “crash” of 1929, what factors led to it? (Causes of Great Depression) 36. What made buying stock on margin profitable? (Causes of Great Depression) 37. Explain what happened on Black Tuesday. 38. Depositors withdrawing all the money out of their accounts had what effect on banks? 39. Why did Hoover take a cautious approach to solving the depression? 40. What is the relationship between intensive farming and the dust bowl? 41. What prompted Americans to seek new leadership in 1932? 42. After he was elected, what was Roosevelt’s first action to solve the economic problems? 43. How did Roosevelt try to help retirees? 44. What is the SEC and what is its purpose? 45. List the goals of the New Deal. 46. Who were Charles Coughlin, Francis Townsend, and Huey Long and what were their views on the depression? 47. Why were the Conservatives opposed to the New Deal? 48. What New Deal program extended job opportunities to Mexican-Americans? Identify the WPA and court packing. 49. What effect did the New Deal have on the role of government in the US? WORLD WAR 2 50. What were four freedoms all citizens should have according to FDR? 51. Define the Lend-Lease act and how it led us to war. 52. List the reasons for Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor. 53. What did Executive Order 9066 do? 54. Identify the Battle of Midway, Bulge, Okinawa and Iwo Jima. 55. Identify Tuskegee airmen, 442nd , and Navajo Code Talkers. 56. What was Hitler’s “final solution” to Germany’s problems? Define genocide. 57. Truman’s reason for using the atomic bomb on Japan 58. The main goals of the United Nations. CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 59. MLK’s philosophy and tactics and ideas behind Letter from Birmingham jail. 60. Identify the Plessy v. Ferguson case, Brown v. Board of Education, sit-ins, freedom riders, de jure and de facto segregation, Jim Crow laws. JFK & JOHNSON 61. Explain Kennedy’s New Frontier and Johnson’s Great Society. COLD WAR 62. Define the Marshall Plan, domino theory, Red Scare, and Truman doctrine. 63. What happened in the Berlin blockade and what was the US’s response? 64. List the causes of the Korean War. Why was it a stalemate? 65. Describe Senator Joseph McCarthy’s tactics and downfall, define McCarthyism. 66. What happened at the Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis? 67. How did the Gulf of Tonkin resolution lead the US into war with Vietnam? 68. How was the Tet Offensive a turning point in the war? 69. What was the Ho Chi Minh trail, and why did Nixon bomb it? 70. Define Vietnamization. 71. List the results of the Vietnam War. 72. What was the point of Nixon visiting China? DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND EXPLAIN WHY THEY ARE IMPORTANT. 73. Jane Addams. 74. Florence Kelley. 75. Upton Sinclair. 76. Ida Tarbell. 77. Margaret Sanger. 78. William Randolph Hearst. 79. William Howard Taft. 80. “Big stick” diplomacy. 81. “Moral” diplomacy. 82. reparations 83. collective bargaining 84. pump priming 85. John Steinbeck SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS The following short answers must answer in complete sentence. 1. Assess the American fear of communism in the development of any ONE Cold War crisis b/w 1948 – 1989 (i.e. – Berlin airlift, Cuban missile crisis, Korean War, Vietnam War, arms race (Sputnik, moon landing) Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, formation of NATO, etc.) 2. “ No one man can terrorize a whole nation unless we are all his accomplices.” Edward R. Murrow Joseph McCarthy dominated American politics from 19501954. In a lengthy one-paragraph essay, explain the quote above. Give at least two major reasons for his rise to power, his tactics to maintain power, and his impact on that era. 3. What are the main goals and ideals of the liberals and conservatives? Apply these goals and ideals to any specific event in US history and explain both viewpoints. (ie. Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists, interventionists and isolationists, hawks vs. Doves, New Deal, Great Society, etc.) 4. Examine one United States foreign conflict, why we were there, and how did it affect the US home front socially, economically and politically. (ie- SpanishAmerican War, WWI, WWII, Cold War, Korean War, Vietnam War, etc.) 5. Define INTOLERANCE and fully describe an example from our history. Choose from the following or use your own: Jim Crow/segregation laws, Scopes Trial, 1st Red Scare, KKK, Sacco-Vanzetti, immigrant quotas/laws, Palmer raids, Internment of the Japanese, 2nd Red Scare etc.