There are many factors at play in the etiology of neonatal jaundice including a microbial imbalance in the newborn’s gut. Multiple studies support the interaction between microbiota and hyperbilirubinemia. Because of their high hemoglobin levels, newborns produce more bilirubin than adults and are less able to metabolize it than adults are due to lower enzyme activity. Chen & Yuan (2020) note an increasing body of evidence showing that gut microbiota regulates bilirubin metabolism and that the microorganism communities associated with hyperbilirubinemia differ statistically from control groups. This discovery led to several lines of research that evidence probiotics as a preferred therapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.