Introduction

The unborn child influences the family and the environment which he or she will be born. In the later stage of pregnancy, the mother may have to decrease work’s hours or give up in order to take rest more and even changing her diet and habits.

After birth, the child unbelievably influences his or her parents’ behavior , change of sleeping and eating pattern with changed pattern of social interaction are common, specially for new parents.

Reciprocally, the baby’s eating and sleeping pattern are influenced by his or her family and both affect and affected by the immediate environment in which he or she lives. Any developmental delay or ignore in early stage of childhood, may influences into behavior or mental development irretrievably, therefore problems should be recognized in early stage of life.

Where children have a disability or special needs, it is important that these are identified at an early age stage and that identification leads to effective intervention and support for families and their children.

Young children – special needs

Infant and toddler have been adopted because it emphasizes the importance of relationship and interaction in the development of very young children. Governments and parents should facilitate the perception of infant and toddlers as active agents, shaping their environment as they interact with others.

There is two way relationship and interaction between young children’s behavior and personality and their home and environment.

It is important that governments have intensive consideration to children under four years of age that have disability or special needs. If she or he is experiencing significant developmental delays, in one or more of the areas of cognitive development, physical development, social or emotional development and adaptive development, he or she has a condition which has a high probability of resulting in developmental delay.

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Sure Start

Sure Start is a government programme which aims to achieve better out comes for children, parents communities by:

• Increasing availability of child care for all children
• Improving health and emotional development for young children
• Supporting parents and community

Sure start covers children before birth up to fourteen years old and if they need special education or have disabilities will be extended up to age sixteen. Their services bring free , early education and better child care with great support where there is a greater need by children tax credit, children centers, and local programme.

These role should be move toward transforming the life chances of young children, particularly those with special needs and disability who lives in area of disadvantages.

Effort must be made to ensure the services are designed to give child care for all children in all sectors but with special attention to the particular needs or individual families and children so they feel should support more than others. It doesn’t mean that all of effort should be served for special group and forget the other population. The aims should be based on reducing family poverty and improve life style, family education and prevention of antisocial behaviors.

Principles

1. Working with parents and children

They have to provide up to date information to parents when they need it , and is based on discussion held with parents about their information needs. All of families should get access to proper services that will deliver better outcome for both children and parents.

2. Services for everyone( but not the same service for every one) The needs of families is different based on location, condition of families, religion, their ability and education, ethnic and economical condition. For instance; condition of children have Mental or Emotional problem is different from other children who have physical disability.
3. Flexible at point of delivery