Abstract

The purpose of this literature review is to give an overview of the causes of climate changes and to focus on how these changes affect humans health and the living quality. The concern about health implication due to climate changes has been increasing in the world and more closely here in our cities and communities. While climate changes have many factors associated with the cause, one primary cause of climate changes is human activities. Humans have released many carbon dioxides into the environment causing many health issues. The health of many individuals has been affected by these climate changes due to the high rise in temperature causing heat waves in many cities. Furthermore, Flooding, water-related infection, outdoor air quality are all influenced by climate changes. Extreme weather is a significant cause of climate changes such as hurricanes and heavy storms which have lead to, many mental health issues. Individuals have lost their loved ones and their homes due to these extreme weather events. Therefore to protect the quality of life in our environments humans need to come up with a comprehensive climate control protection strategy that will reduce climate changes.

Introduction

Human activities and the expansion of greenhouse gases is one of the primary causes of climate changes today. The earth temperature can increase dramatically when climate changes occur. Some changes could be more floods, intense rain, droughts and more frequent heat waves (Barry & Chorley, 2010). Furthermore, Climate changes have also affected oceans and glaciers. Ocean across the globe are becoming warmer and more acidic. Glaciers are melting, and the sea level is rising. As these changes continue to occur in our world and more specifically our cities, it will present many challenges to our environment and society. Humans have released an enormous amount of carbon dioxide as well as other greenhouse gases into the earth atmosphere (McMichael, Woodruff and Hales, 2016).

The vast majority of these gases comes from burning fossil fuels to produce energy. Greenhouse gases have affected the environment in many ways; for example, greenhouse gases are like a big blanket that is in the sky around the earth, trapping energy and causing the earth to be warm. These greenhouse gases have a large and dangers effect to humans health. A warmer climate can have many effects on our ecosystem and environment. For example our water supplies, power transportation system, natural environment and even most importantly our health and safety. Most of these climate changes have affected human health by many factors; for example, it has affected the food we eat, the air we breathe, the water we drink and the weather we experience (McMichael et al., 2016).

The health risk caused by climate changes depend on public health, communities, and cities to address and to prepare. Most climate changes will vary depending on where individual lives and many more factors like how much people are exposed to these changes. Communities with low socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to climate changes. Places like the city of Oakland and Alameda County also face an increased risk of climate changes (Haines et al., 2016). Some of the climate changes have impacted Alameda county includes, Floods caused by the rise and increasing sea level, Water shortage, wildfires, communities affected by heat waves and warmer temperature (Patz et al., 2015). These impacts allow many diseases to spread and heat exhaustion and strokes. Even though some might argue that climate changes are unavoidable and there is nothing that could be done about it. However, to protect the quality of life in our environment and communities, we need to come up with a comprehensive climate control protection strategy that will reduce climate changes.                                                              

Method

Using the California State University library database and google scholar to collect and search for peer-reviewed articles, scholarly medical journals, and government websites; to identify the primary cause of climate changes and its effect on human health. Besides, the goal was to find proper solution and action, the city of Oakland needs to take or adapt to these climate changes. All articles used in the research was peer-reviewed articles and less than ten years old. Most of the studies were in the United States. All of the articles are reliable and relevant to the resource prompt. The research strategy began with a brainstorm then finding peer-reviewed articles from the university database and google scholar. After preparing the free write, and focusing on the research question. The last step was to develop an outline and starts on the primary research. The keywords that were used in this research paper was climate change, global warming, greenhouse emission, carbon dioxide, human health UV radiation.

Literature review

Global warming has taken a considerable effect in the world in the past centuries. The earth goes into cycles from water levels, the temperature to even level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Planet earth temperature has increased fast in the past years, and people are continuing to burn fossil fuel causing many harmful greenhouses gases (Pielke et al., 2012). This greenhouse emission has a significant influence on the earth atmosphere like Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane. The earth ocean absorbs only 70 percent of the light and land and 30 percent if reflected due to bright surfaces like ice and clouds (Pielke et al., 2012). Planet earth is like a human body if we do not take care of our body through exercise, eating healthy we become unhealthy and develope many health problems. As for our plant, if we do not take care of it and try to keep it healthy by reducing carbon emission, it will get warmer and cause many harmful health problems to people. The majority of the earth’s energy comes from fossil fuel being burned which will eventually release carbon dioxide into the air. These changes may take years to be physically noticed. The major environmental problems will range from global temperature rising, increasing sea level, melting of icecaps and glaciers and many other harmful effects that have the potential to affect humans (Zepp et al., 2011). Many of these problems have to lead to significant health problems and the standards of living.

Climate changes have significantly harmed the health of many people in our communities and around the world. Many of these health issues are here in our communities. There are many examples of how Climate changes have a significant impact on Human Health. For example, extrem