Introduction to the chronic diseases

According to the World Health Organisation, “obesity and overweight are defined as

abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health”. The body mass index is the

index used for height the weight for the classification of obesity in adults. It is calculated by

dividing the weight of the person in kilograms by the square of height in meters (Obesity and

overweight, 2020). For adults, the body mass index of an obese person is more than or equal

to 30. Obesity is a complicated disease that accumulates excess body fat to such an extent

which makes it difficult or has an adverse effect on health. This medical problem results in an

increased risk of numerous health problems, like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease,

and certain types of cancers. The paper will discuss the etiology, signs and symptoms,

cardiorespiratory exercises, resistance exercises, other special considerations, likely

challenges in exercising, and ways to progress the client having obesity with the help of an

exercise program.

Etiology of obesity

The two of the important reasons for obesity are eating too much and moving too

little. Obesity doesn’t take place overnight but it develops gradually due to poor diet and

lifestyle choices. This can be eating a large amount of fast food or processed food having

high sugar and fat. Drinking too much alcohol also contains calories and directly associated

with overweight. People tend to eat larger portions of meals than is required for their bodies.

Drinking too many sugary drinks like soft drinks and fruit juices also results in the

accumulation of fat in the body. Comfort eating is another major reason which makes a

person eat more when they have low self-esteem or feel depressed (Adult Obesity Causes &

Consequences, 2020). The epidemiological studies have found that the diet having high fat

leads to major weight gain in the person.