Question;
Generally there are four main phases of matter these include;
1. Gases
2. Liquid
3. Solid
4. Plasma.
There are other phases of matter which exist ib extreme conditions these include;
1.BoseEinstein condensates
2.neutron-degenerate matter
3.quark-gluon plasma.
These phases of matter can transform from from one state to another when subjected to heat or cold.
1.Solids
Their particles are packed tightly to each other.
Their particles have very low kinetic energy.
Solids have definite shape.
Solids also have definite volume.
Expand on heating and contract on cooling.
Note
most of the solids can melt on heating to become liquid and can also change directly to gas throughSublimation.
Examples of solids
Soil
Sand flour
All types of seeds
Stones
And many more
2.Liquids
The particles have more kinetic energy than those of solid.
The particles are not much held together like in solids.
They have no definite shape hence taking the shape of the container.
They have definite volume.
The particles are held by weak intermolecular forces.
Liquids expands on heating and contract on cooling.
Note
Most liquids transform to solid on cooling through freezing and evaporate to gas on heating through vaporization.
Examples of liquids
Water
Wine
Alcohol
Milk
Kerosene
Petrol
And many more
3. Gases
They have high kinetic energy due to spaces between them.
They have no definite volume or shape because they have enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces.
Liquids readily flow.
Note
Gases can transform to liquid on cooling through condensation and to solid through sublimation.
Examples of gases
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon iv oxide
Rare gases( helium argon krypton and neon).
4. Plasma
It is not a common state of matter on earth but in the universe.
Has high kinetic energy.
Noble gases such as helium and argon are ionized into plasma state so that they can glow.
Welding arcs.
Lightning.
Auroras.
Stars and the Sun.
the solar wind.
interstellar gas clouds.
And many more