SECTION A
1 To what extent has the development of the sciences been driven by economic
needs?
2 What part have universities played in the history of science?
SECTION B
3 What did early Islam make of ancient Greek philosophy and science?
4 Why did William Harvey go to Padua and what did he learn there?
5 ‘Nature exhibits herself more clearly under the trials and vexations of art than
when left to herself’ (FRANCIS BACON). Why did early modern natural
philosophers perform experiments?
6 What were the principal roles of astronomers in early modern Europe?
7 Did Newton use experiments as a means of discovery or as a way of verifying
what he knew already?
8 What was the role of Malthus’s An Essay on the Principle of Population in the
development of the theory of natural selection?
9 How did early bacteriologists persuade their audiences to believe in the reality
of disease-causing germs?
10 In what ways was early twentieth century genetics an applied science?
11 Discuss the effects of the atomic bomb project on scientific disciplines, with
reference to two of the following: physics, biology, and ecology.
12 What influence did psychoanalysis have on the development of twentieth
century psychiatry?