What does apparent and absolute motion mean in astronomy?

How many light years away is Mars from earth?
August 3, 2020
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
August 3, 2020

What does apparent and absolute motion mean in astronomy?

What appears as movement to observer is apparent motion. Any apparent motion is with reference to a moving frame. Absolute frame for absolute motion in astronomy is still a mirage.
As an observer we see Moon other planets our star Sun and other stars moving at different speeds. This is apparent motion. The frame of reference is a frame at your position with directions that appear to be fixed in your view. This is observer-centric apparent motion. Likewise there are Earth-centric Sun-centric Milky Way-centric … apparent motions.
The fitting of absolute frame of reference for absolute motion for continuous marking of of the space vacated by everything (relatively) at any instant is still at large. .