What fixes the reference of theoretical terms in scientific theories?

Are laws of nature in any sense necessary?
April 6, 2023
What is an effectively enumerable set?
April 6, 2023

What fixes the reference of theoretical terms in scientific theories?

1 Either (a) ‘Scientific realism is the only philosophical view which
doesn’t make the success of science a miracle.’ Discuss.
Or (b) Does the history of science refute scientific realism?
2 ‘Structural realism is the best of both worlds.’ What does this mean and is it
true?
3 Either (a) ‘The aim of science is empirical adequacy, not truth.’ Discuss.
Or (b) If a pair of theories are empirically equivalent, can we have
reasons to prefer one to the other?
4 What fixes the reference of theoretical terms in scientific theories?
5 Is there a problem with the concept of approximate truth?
6 Does Bayesian confirmation theory vindicate inductive reasoning?
7 Either (a) ‘Laws of nature are not mere regularities.’ Discuss.
Or (b) How are the notions of causation and law related?
8 Is the notion of a natural kind necessary to understand scientific laws?
9 Critically discuss the Heisenberg-Bohr debate concerning epistemological
versus ontological interpretations of the Indeterminacy Relations.
10 How does the EPR paradox challenge the Copenhagen Interpretation of
Quantum Mechanics?
11 Does the existence of non-Euclidean geometries show that we cannot know
the shape of space a priori?
12 What is the most compelling argument in favour of being either a
substantivalist or a relationist about space-time?