Which of the following principles approves or disapproves of an action according to its tendency to promote happiness for the greatest number of people? A. Altruism B. Utility C. Hedonism D. Egoism _________ regards pleasure as the ultimate good, but demands that we consider the pleasures and pains of others in our moral contemplations. A. Use corruption B. The felicity dilemma C. Consequentialism D. Social hedonism 5.0 Points Which of the following, according to Carl Klockars, is NOT an important consideration in determining whether the good ends of police work justify immoral means in a given scenario? A. Are there other, non-dirty, means that may be effective but that we may be overlooking? B. How certain are we that the dirty means will, in fact, bring about the good outcome? C. In addition to the good consequences that the dirty method will produce, are there likely to be unintended consequences that might cause undesirable harms? D. How high a score will the dirty means reach on the felicity calculus? Though both emphasize consequences, utilitarianism differs from ethical egoism in that: A. utilitarianism emphasizes consequences for all people affected. B. egoism emphasizes happiness, whereas utilitarianism emphasizes welfare. C. egoism defines happiness as pleasure, whereas utilitarianism does not. D. utilitarianism places primary importance on consequences for the acting agent. In an interrogation setting, the strategy of fabricated evidence involves all of the following EXCEPT: A. falsely informing a suspect that an accomplice has ident6ified her or him. B. falsely stating that physical evidence exists that confirms his or her guilt. C. projecting sympathy or compassion. D. having the suspect take a lie detector test and suggesting that its results confirm her or his guilt. Which of the following is NOT a technique of deceptive interrogation? A. Misrepresenting the seriousness of the offense B. Misrepresenting the moral seriousness of the offense C. Fabricating evidence D. Physical coercion Which of the following is a term commonly used to describe corrupt practices by law enforcement officers that are not purely egoistic in nature but, rather, done to achieve the “good” ends of protecting the community? A. Noble-cause corruption B. Use corruption C. Economic corruption D. Altruistic corruption Those who utilize the Internet (e.g., chat rooms) to exploit children for sexual purposes are commonly referred to as: A. online predators. B. Dirty Harrys. C. finks. D. provocateurs. The argument that aiding or assisting others might be degrading to them, implying that they are incapable of helping themselves, is an argument commonly used to support: A. qualitative varieties of utilitarianism. B. hedonism. C. ethical egoism. D. plea bargaining. When presented with __________, most people are willing to flip a switch to save five lives at the expense of one, but are not willing to physically push a person over a bridge to save five lives. A. the Trolley Problem B. the Felicity Dilemma C. Noble-Cause Corruption D. a Plea Bargain Law enforcement officers keeping money confiscated from a drug bust for personal monetary gain could be regarded as a form of: A. economic corruption. B. noble-cause corruption. C. use corruption. D. police violence Which of the following concepts best captures the utilitarian notion that each person’s welfare is equally important and, thus, that no one person’s happiness should be regarded as more important than any other person’s? A. Fecundity B. Psychological hedonism C. Agent neutrality D. Nobility of intent An agreement between a criminal defendant and the prosecution whereby the prosecution reduces charges or recommends a reduced sentence in exchange for a guilty plea is referred to as a: A. conditional plea. B. plea bargain. C. mistrial. D. indictment. Bentham suggested that, when contemplating decisions and actions, we can quantify potential pleasures and pains along a number of dimensions. He referred to this process of quantification as: A. the pleasure equation. B. the felicity calculus. C. the intensity range. D. the certainty continuum. The felicity calculus is also referred to as all of the following EXCEPT: A. hedonic calculus. B. calculus of pleasures. C. utilitarian calculus. D. fecundity of pleasure. In contrast to Bentham, John Stuart Mill argued that happiness or pleasure should be understood: A. quantitatively. B. qualitatively. C. as the same for all people. D. as the absence of pain only Which of the following propositions is true of utilitarian moral frameworks? A. Actions are not judged right/wrong with reference to their consequences. B. In measuring consequences, what is not important is the amount of happiness or unhappiness that is produced. C. One person’s happiness is more important than anyone else’s. D. Utilitarianism demands that we become “disinterest spectators” in making a rational assessment of the consequences of our actions. Which of the following refers to the idea that human beings are naturally motivated to maximize pleasure and minimize pain? A. The principle of utility B. Psychological hedonism C. The categorical imperative D. The greatest happiness principle Which of the following statements is most likely to be used to advocate ethical egoism? A. In making decisions that affect ourselves, we should seek to be as impartial as a disinterested spectator. B. If no harm is being caused by a situation that brings about happiness for one or more involved parties, then the situation does not present a moral dilemma. C. Looking after other people’s interests is akin to invading their privacy – we should mind our own business as much as possible. D. None of the above The rational, overriding principle promoted by utilitarianism is the: A. greatest number principle. B. greatest happiness principle. C. greatest utility principle. D. None of the above .