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Why were the Ottoman and Qing Empires vulnerable to Western pressure in the nineteenth century?

Question Description

1. Why were the Ottoman and Qing Empires vulnerable to Western pressure in the nineteenth century?

2. What were the causes of the Crimean War and how did warfare change ?

3. What major changes / reforms occurred in Russia after the Crimean War?

4. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Taiping Rebellion.

one paragraph per question